Struggles Can Breed Innovation: An Interview with Clay Christensen and Michael Horn

A recent issue of Newsweek Magazine asked ‘What to read this summer?’  And the answer included Disrupting Class, the provocative book by Clay Christensen, Michael Horn and Curtis Johnson.  Disrupting ClassI talked with two of the authors–Clay and Michael–about the book, the economic crisis and the importance of innovation in education.

My interview with Clay and Michael is particularly relevant now that Arne Duncan has unveiled ambitious plans for the so-called Race to the Top and the $4B in stimulus money.
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THE INTERVIEW

Everywhere I go these past months, I’ve met people who were reading “Disrupting Class” and/or talking about your ideas. When you decided to turn your attention to schools, traditionally one of the most hidebound of our institutions, did you anticipate such a positive reaction?

When we published the book, we really didn’t know what to expect. It’s been a pleasant surprise that so many educators have been mostly excited by the vision we put forth. Many educators realize that everyone learns differently from each other, and many wear the battle scars from their largely futile struggles to customize learning for every student from within a factory-based system built for standardization. It seems that our message struck a chord as it suggested a way to deliver innovation in a sector that has been so lacking in it and offered a vision for how to transform learning from our current monolithic world to a student-centric one that could spell great relief from these struggles.

In a recent column in the New York Times, Tom Friedman urged America to innovate, innovate, innovate, if we want to survive and prosper. You have, of course, made a persuasive case for innovation and provided recipes and a road map. In the book, you urge educators to innovate. Are educators listening, or are they so wrapped up in trying to survive that innovation is just not on their list?

Many of Friedman’s themes in that piece have echoed our own thoughts and writing–from why America seems to have been the only country to be able to disrupt its own economy in the past to how necessity in times of struggles can breed innovation (a step beyond invention). In many pockets it really does seem as though educators are innovating in creative ways. For example, the main disruption we identified in the book–online learning–is booming at the moment as it is growing well over 30 percent a year, and many educators are pushing it well beyond its initial versions to allow it to serve many more people with quality options. Doing this is vital so that we can offer more with less. Continue reading

Wasting Talent


‘Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the desert air’

In Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” those flowers are a metaphor for talents and gifts.  I have always loved both the poem and those lines, but I wonder whether they accurately describe what is more likely to happen to talented youth today?  What happens to talent that is not nurtured?

Wasting Talent - The Achievement GapI remember the late Daniel Patrick Moynihan—the gifted son of hardscrabble Irish immigrants–telling me that ‘cream rises to the top,’ which was his own experience.  My experience as a teacher in a federal penitentiary suggests otherwise.  More importantly, so does hard data from solid research.

Let’s put one important fact on the table to start: Talent is randomly distributed.  It is not a function of social class, race, income or even education.  For more information on this, look at “The Achievement Trap” (PDF), a report by the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation. It notes that when they enter elementary school, high-achieving, lower-income students mirror America both demographically and geographically. They exist proportionately to the overall first grade population among males and females and within urban, suburban, and rural communities and are similar to the first grade population in terms of race and ethnicity (African-American, Hispanic, white, and Asian).

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Serious Fun?

The shrill whistle pierced the humid August air, and the ten players, all African American high school students, gathered around the referee. The ref pointed to a young man who was wearing a t-shirt.

“Malik, here’s the word. ‘Ambiguous.’ Define it and use it in a sentence.”  Serious Fun?

The young man did so in a strong voice, and the ref called over to the scorer’s desk, “That’s a point for the shirts.”  Then he turned to the other team (the skins), picked out a player, and gave him a word, “Optimism.”

When the player confused the noun with the adjective, the ref turned to a player on the shirts, who gave the correct answer.  “Another point for the shirts,” the ref called.  “Now let’s play ball.”

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Interrupting Cla…

FULL TEXT:

I’m John Merrow. Welcome to Taking Note, my weekly

(interruption with announcement)

I’m sorry about that. I was saying “Welcome to Taking Note, my weekly education blog.” Oddly enough, the issue I want to talk about is classroom interruptions. I began my career as a teacher, and I used to hate it whenever the principal would come on the intercom with an announcement. Seemed as if it always came at an inconvenient time, just when I was getting the discussion rolling, or maybe when some shy kid had finally gotten up the courage to speak. Then, bam…

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Pets or Kids: Which Do We Spend More On?

Here’s a question I’ve been pondering: What matters more to us in America, our pets or our children? We have a lot more pets, 217 million cats, dogs, gerbils, et cetera, plus another 150 million fish. We have only about 75 million children under the age of 18.

Education spendingHow would one go about measuring caring? I’m a big fan of trying to compare effort, not just amounts, so here’s what I came with. I decided to compare the percent of revenue that a leading pet company spends testing its goldfish food, puppy toys and flea drops to the percentage of our education spending that we devote to testing and measuring our children’s performance in school.

I decided to call Hartz, a well-known company whose products we’ve used with our dogs and cats.

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Up Against the Wall

FULL TEXT:Kids height

I grew up in a big family—6 kids—and when we were little, we had a ritual that you may recognize. First we’d take off our shoes and stand—as tall as we could—up against the wall by the kitchen door. Then Mom or Pop would mark our height and write our name and the date next to the mark. We’d do this every six months or so, and that let us see if we were getting taller. I’m sure lots of families still do that.

Public education has embraced that concept. Naturally, educators have given it a fancy name, ‘the growth model.’  In education it means testing a student at the beginning of the year and then again at the end, to see how much the student has learned.

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Getting Parents Involved

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Parents getting involvedWhen it comes to parent involvement, too many educators love to play the blame game. And if they’re not carping, they’re probably emitting hot air. It’s fundamentally arrogant, based on the assumption that parents don’t get it.

Here’s the pattern I’ve observed: Schools and districts appoint committees and task forces to organize parents or to study the issue.  Some schools make parents sign contracts promising to come to meetings. Some set up classes for parents to teach them how to be involved in their children’s education. Perhaps they change policies so that parent teacher meetings can be held at more convenient times. They might even provide baby-sitting services at ‘back to school’ night.

If schools began involving parents at the most basic levels in the early grades, things would be different. And not with high-falutin’ pedagogical concepts and principles–but with real stuff.

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